U-Slot Loaded Square Monopole Microstrip Antenna for Wide Band Operation

Abstract

This paper presents the design and development of simple U- slot loaded square monopole microstrip antenna for wide band operation. The proposed antenna is excited through microstripline feed arrangement. The low cost glass epoxy substrate material is used to fabricate the antenna. The antenna operates between 3.16 GHz to 9.96 GHz giving linearly polarized broadside radiation characteristics with impedance band width of 74.4% and a peak gain of 4.2 dB. The proposed antenna may find applications in X band systems..

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

In recent era the microstrip antennas are becoming increasingly popular because of their small size, lightweight, low cost, easy to fabricate and compatible to microwave integrated circuits [1-2]. However, the modern communication systems such as wireless local area networks (WLAN) often require antennas possessing single wide band to cover larger frequency spectrum ,which can avoid the use of multiple antennas. In this paper a U- slot loaded on square monopole microstrip antenna is presented for wide band operation giving better radiation characteristics. This kind of study is found to be rare in the literature.

II. DESIGNING OF ANTENNA

The conventional rectangular microstrip antenna (CRMSA) is fabricated on low cost glass epoxy substrate material of thickness h = 1.6 mm, loss tangent 0.02 and dielectric constant er = 4.2. The artwork of is developed using computer software AUTO CAD to achieve better accuracy. The antennas are etched by photolithography process. The bottom surface of the substrate consists of a tight ground plane copper shielding.

Figure 1 shows the geometry of U Slot corner truncated Square microstrip antenna (USCTSMSA)  This antenna is designed for the resonant frequency of 3.0 GHz using the equations available in the literature for the design of rectangular microstrip antenna on the substrate area A  x B. This antenna consists of a radiating patch of length L and width W. The microstripline feed of length Lf and width Wf  is used to feed the microwave energy to the antenna. A 50 Ω semi miniature-A (SMA) connector is used at the tip of the microstripline feed. The corners of the antenna are truncated by 4 mm and 6 mm in X and Y axes  respectively. The U -slot of width HS and length LS is placed on the patch of the antenna. The vertical slot of width 2 mm and length V is placed on the ground plane of the antenna. Figure 2 shows the Photograph of the antenna. The designed parameters are tabulated in Table No 1.

 Figure 3 shows the variation of return loss versus frequency of VSRMMSA when the slot is on left side of the central line of the patch. It is seen from this figure that the antenna resonates for single wide band f1 of bandwidth BW1=  ( 9.96 GHz-3.16 GHz)  The BW1 is due to fundamental resonance of the patch.

Figure 4  shows the radiation pattern USCTSMSA it is seen from these figure that the pattern is linear and broad sided. The gain of the proposed antenna is measured by absolute gain method. The power transmitted ‘Pt’ by pyramidal horn antenna and power received ‘Pr’ by antenna under test (AUT) are measured independently. With the help of these experimental data, the gain (G) dB of AUT is calculated by using the equation,

where, Gt is the gain of the pyramidal horn antenna and R is the distance between the transmitting antenna and the AUT. The maximum gain USCTSMSA measured in its operating bands is found to be 4.2 dB.

Conclusion

From the detailed study, it is concluded that, the USCTSMSA can be made to operate single wide band between 3.16 GHz to 9.96 GHz by loading U slot on the radiating patch. The maximum bandwidth of 74.4 % is achieved with linear broad side radiation pattern. The peak gain of 4.2 dB is achieved by the USCTSMSA. The proposed antenna is simple in its geometry and can be fabricated using low cost glass epoxy substrate material. This antenna may find applications in x band systems

References

[1] Kin-Lu Wong, Compact and Broad band microstrip Antennas, A Wiley-Inter Science Publication, John Wiley & Sons. Inc. [2] Garg Ramesh , Bhatia Prakesh, Bahl Inder and Boon Apisakittir (2001), Microstrip Antennas Design Hand Book, Artech House Inc. [3] Behera. S and Vinoy. K. J, “Microstrip square ring antenna for dual band operation,” Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 93, 41–56, 2009. [4] Roy . J. S, Chattoraj, and N. Swain, “ short circuited microstrip antenna for multi-band wireless communications,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol .48, 2372-2375, 2006. [5] Sadat, S , M. Fardis F. Geran, and G. Dadashzadeh,” A compact microstrip square-ring slot antenna for UWB applications,” Progress In Electromagnetic Research PIER 67, 173-179, 2007. [6] Shams. K. M Z , M. Ali, and H. S. Hwang, “A planar inductively coupled bow-tie slot antenna for WLAN application,” Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol.20, 86-871, 2006. [7] Kuo, J. S and K. L. Wong, “A compact microstrip antenna with meandered slots in the ground plane,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 29, 95-97, April 2001. [8] Sharma A. and G. Singh, “Design of single pin shorted Three – dielectric layered substrates rectangular patch microstrip antenna for communication system,” Progress In Electromagnetic Research PIER 2. 157 – 165, 2008. [9] Ang. B. K and B.K Chung,“A wideband microstrip patch antenna for 5-6 GHz Wireless communication,” Progress In Electromagnetic Research PIER 75, 397-407, 2007. [10] Bahl, I. J and P. Bhartia, Microstrip Antennas, Artech house, New Delhi, 1980.

Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Nagraj Kulkarni. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.